When seeking therapy, you'll likely encounter a lot of different types or "modalities." Each one has it's own approach to understanding your challenges and helping you create change. While all can be effective, they tackle things from different angles. Let's break down a few common ones using anxiety as an example.
Depth Therapies
These therapies help you understand how your past experiences and unconscious patterns shape your current behaviors and relationships. They tend to be longer-term , focusing on digging deep for lasting change.
• Psychodynamic Therapy: Examines how your past influences your present, often focusing on patterns you may not even be aware aware of. If you're dealing with anxiety, a psychodynamic therapist might explore how early experiences contributed to your anxiety and why it might be protecting you from deeper fears.
• Adlerian Therapy: Focuses on how your early experiences shaped who you are today, but with an emphasis on your power to choose a different path moving forward. For anxiety, an Adlerian therapist might help you understand how giving in to your anxiety allows you to avoid certain risks or meet specific goals - and then work with you to find healthier ways to meet those needs.
Humanistic Therapy
These therapies focus on personal growth, self-acceptance, and authenticity.
• Person-Ceneterd Therapy: Emphasizes unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness from the therapist. With anxiety, a person-centered approach provides a supportive space to explore your feelings without judgment.
• Existential Therapy: Explores deep questions about meaning, freedom, and personal responsibility. With anxiety, an existential therapist would help you examine your fears about uncertainty, mortality, and purpose, guiding you to live authentically despite life's inherent anxieties.
Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies
These therapies zoom in on the connection between thoughts, behaviors, and emotions, offering practical strategies to make change.
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Helps you spot and challenge irrational thoughts and behaviors. For anxiety, a CBT therapist would work with you to identify anxious thoughts, question their accuracy, and build healthier coping strategies.
• Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): Combines cognitive strategies with mindfulness. For anxiety, DBT might teach skills to help you manage overwhelming emotions and tolerate distress more effectively.
• Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT): Encourages you to accept difficult and focus on actions that align with your values. For anxiety, an ACT helps you live a meaningful life, even when anxiety shows up.
• Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP): Gradually exposes you to anxiety-provoking situations while preventing avoidance behaviors. With anxiety, an ERP therapist would work with you to face feared situations in a controlled, supportive way.
• Mindfulness-Based Approaches: Teach you observe your thoughts and feelins without judgment. For anxiety, these techniques help you notice anxious thoughts without getting caught up in them.
Trauma-Focused Approaches
These therapies address how trauma affects both your mind and body.
• EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing): Uses distracting stimuli like eye movements or tapping to help you process tough memories. For anxiety related to past trauma, EMDR helps reduce the emotional charge of those memories.
• Somatic Experiencing: Focuses on how trauma affects your body and nervous system. With anxiety, it would help you to notice how and where anxiety shows up physically, so you can release built-up tension and recognize your nervous system's fight/flight/freeze responses.
Systems Approaches
These therapies explore how your problems fit into larger patterns in your relationships or life.
• Internal Family Systems (IFS): Views your mind as made up of different "parts" that need to work together. For anxiety, IFS helps you understand the "part" of you that feels anxious and how it's trying to protect you.
• Solution-Focused Brief Therapy: Focuses on finding solutions rather than dwelling on problems. In the case of anxiety, this approach helps you recognize times when you've handled anxiety well and build on those successes.
Many modern therapists, myself included, take an "integrative" or "eclectic" approach. This means we blend different therapy techniques to best fit each client's needs. For instance, I primarily work in Depth Therapy (Psychodynamic; Adlerian), but I also bring in tools from many of the other approaches described when they'll be helpful for you.